{"id":534,"date":"2012-12-31T10:00:03","date_gmt":"2012-12-31T09:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/?p=534"},"modified":"2019-03-29T10:05:11","modified_gmt":"2019-03-29T09:05:11","slug":"oui-le-droit-sapplique-a-linternet-et-en-plus-il-a-le-bras-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/2012\/12\/31\/oui-le-droit-sapplique-a-linternet-et-en-plus-il-a-le-bras-long\/","title":{"rendered":"Oui, le droit s\u2019applique \u00e0 l\u2019internet, et en plus il a le bras long"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"entry-header\">\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Une question revient souvent \u00e0 propos de la soumission du droit \u00e0 l\u2019internet: quel est le juge comp\u00e9tent en cas de d\u00e9lit transfronti\u00e8re? \u00a0Le droit am\u00e9ricain d\u00e9signe la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une juridiction \u00e0 saisir des d\u00e9linquants \u00e9trangers et\/ou demeurants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger par le terme \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 16px;\">long-arm jurisdiction<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_534_1('footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_534_1('footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_534_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Pour une explication des principes du droit am\u00e9ricain en la mati\u00e8re, v. \u00a0Vedder Price, Long-Arm Statutes: A Fifty-States Survey,\u00a0www.kentlaw.edu\/perritt\/courses\/civpro\/ny-longarm.html .<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_534_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">. En effet, un juge ne peut trancher que les litiges qui rel\u00e8vent de sa comp\u00e9tence, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019une comp\u00e9tence mat\u00e9rielle (un juge aux affaires familiales n\u2019a pas comp\u00e9tence pour juger un d\u00e9lit p\u00e9nal et inversement) ou territoriale. Les r\u00e8gles qui d\u00e9terminent la comp\u00e9tence territoriale pr\u00e9voient le plus souvent diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments dits \u2013 de rattachement \u2013 dont l\u2019existence implique la comp\u00e9tence territoriale du juge saisi. A d\u00e9faut, le juge doit se d\u00e9clarer incomp\u00e9tent et rejeter l\u2019action.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>Les r\u00e8gles relatives \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tence ont pour justification de prot\u00e9ger le justiciable de l\u2019arbitraire du juge. Celui-ci est d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par la loi, non par son bon plaisir. Ces r\u00e8gles visent \u00e9galement \u00e0 \u00e9viter le \u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<em>forum-shopping<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le rattachement artificiel d\u2019un litige par l\u2019une des parties \u00e0 un Etat donn\u00e9 afin de voir appliquer les r\u00e8gles qui lui sont les plus favorables.<\/p>\n<p>Les Long-Arm Statutes des Etats am\u00e9ricains d\u00e9terminent\u00a0si et selon quels crit\u00e8res un tribunal peut exercer sa comp\u00e9tence juridictionnelle \u00e0 l\u2019encontre d\u2019un d\u00e9fendeur non r\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, par une <a href=\"http:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/appellate-courts\/ca2\/11-5388\/11-5388-2012-12-26.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">d\u00e9cision du 26 d\u00e9cembre 2012<\/a>,\u00a0MacDermid, Inc. v. Deiter publi\u00e9e par <a href=\"http:\/\/law.justia.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Justia.com<\/a>,\u00a0la Cour f\u00e9d\u00e9rale d\u2019appel<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_534_1('footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_534_1('footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(2)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_534_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sur l\u2019organisation judiciaire des Etats-Unis, v. \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/fr.jurispedia.org\/index.php\/Organisation_judiciaire_(us)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jurispedia<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_534_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u00a0a cass\u00e9 un jugement rejetant une plainte\u00a0pour d\u00e9faut de comp\u00e9tence juridictionnelle territoriale. La question \u00e9tait de savoir si un tribunal situ\u00e9 dans le Connecticut pouvait \u00eatre comp\u00e9tent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\u2019un d\u00e9fendeur poursuivi pour un acc\u00e8s frauduleux \u00e0 un serveur situ\u00e9 dans le Connecticut, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 alors que le d\u00e9fendeur \u00e9tait domicili\u00e9 et travaillait au Canada. L\u2019acc\u00e8s frauduleux avait pour but de d\u00e9tourner des informations confidentielles appartenant \u00e0 l\u2019employeur du d\u00e9fendeur. La Cour a estim\u00e9 que le d\u00e9fendeur avait suffisamment de \u00ab\u00a0<em>contacts minimaux<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb dans le Connecticut et que la mise en \u0153uvre des r\u00e8gles de comp\u00e9tence \u00e9tait conforme aux r\u00e8gles du proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable.<\/p>\n<p>Les juges de la Cour f\u00e9d\u00e9rale d\u2019appel ont estim\u00e9 que \u00ab\u00a0<em>l\u2019utilisation \u00e0 distance du d\u00e9fendeur \u00e9tranger d\u2019un ordinateur [sur un serveur situ\u00e9] dans le\u00a0 Connecticut remplit les conditions de comp\u00e9tence \u00e0 la fois au regard du droit du Connecticut sur la comp\u00e9tence et au regard des exigences du proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_534_1('footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_534_1('footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(3)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_534_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00ab\u00a0<em>We hold that the foreign defendant\u2019s remote use of a computer in\u00a0Connecticut satisfied the jurisdictional requirements of both the Connecticut long-arm statute and due process<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_534_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"footnotes-2019\" class=\"footnotes\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer class=\"entry-meta\">Cette entr\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e dans Droit compar\u00e9, Droit de l&rsquo;informatique, Droit international priv\u00e9, Droit p\u00e9nal, et marqu\u00e9e avec Comp\u00e9tence territoriale, Droit de l&rsquo;internet, Internet, Long-Arm Statutes, le <time class=\"entry-date\" datetime=\"2012-12-31T16:01:23+00:00\">31 d\u00e9cembre 2012<\/time> <span class=\"by-author\">par <span class=\"author vcard\">matringe<\/span><\/span>.<\/footer>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_534_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_534_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_534_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_534_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_534_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Pour une explication des principes du droit am\u00e9ricain en la mati\u00e8re, v. \u00a0Vedder Price, Long-Arm Statutes: A Fifty-States Survey,\u00a0www.kentlaw.edu\/perritt\/courses\/civpro\/ny-longarm.html .<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_534_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sur l\u2019organisation judiciaire des Etats-Unis, v. \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/fr.jurispedia.org\/index.php\/Organisation_judiciaire_(us)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jurispedia<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_534_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_534_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_534_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00ab\u00a0<em>We hold that the foreign defendant\u2019s remote use of a computer in\u00a0Connecticut satisfied the jurisdictional requirements of both the Connecticut long-arm statute and due process<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_534_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_534_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_534_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_534_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_534_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_534_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_534_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_534_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_534_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_534_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_534_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_534_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_534_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_534_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une question revient souvent \u00e0 propos de la soumission du droit \u00e0 l\u2019internet: quel est le juge comp\u00e9tent en cas de d\u00e9lit transfronti\u00e8re? \u00a0Le droit am\u00e9ricain d\u00e9signe la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une juridiction \u00e0 saisir des d\u00e9linquants \u00e9trangers et\/ou demeurants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger par le terme \u00ab\u00a0long-arm jurisdiction\u00ab\u00a0(1)Pour une explication des principes du droit am\u00e9ricain en la mati\u00e8re,&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/2012\/12\/31\/oui-le-droit-sapplique-a-linternet-et-en-plus-il-a-le-bras-long\/\">Poursuivre la lecture <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Oui, le droit s\u2019applique \u00e0 l\u2019internet, et en plus il a le bras long<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[85,16,298,136],"tags":[528,295,220,529],"class_list":["post-534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-droit-compare","category-droit-de-linformatique","category-droit-international-prive","category-droit-penal","tag-competence-territoriale","tag-droit-de-linternet","tag-internet","tag-long-arm-statutes","entry"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":535,"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/534\/revisions\/535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evematringe.eu\/bl0g\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}